Common Definitions in Lithium-ion Battery Production
The terminology used in the lithium-ion battery industry can be confusing. There are several key terms and definitions commonly used to describe materials, processes, and components critical to the manufacturing and operation of lithium-ion batteries. Understanding these terms can help anyone involved in the design, manufacturing, or use of lithium-ion batteries.
Anode
The anode is the negative electrode in a lithium-ion battery during the discharge cycle. It is typically made from carbon-based materials like graphite, which serves as a host for lithium ions.
Cathode
The cathode is the positive electrode during the discharge cycle. It is generally made from a lithium metal oxide, with various chemistries such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2), or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).
Electrolyte
The electrolyte is a conductive medium that allows the transfer of lithium ions between the anode and cathode and usually consists of a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent
Separator
A separator is a porous membrane that separates the anode and cathode, preventing direct contact while allowing the passage of lithium ions. It is crucial for the battery's safety and functionality.
Cell
The cell is the basic unit of a lithium-ion battery, consisting of an anode, cathode, separator, and electrolyte contained within a casing. Cells can be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch in form.
Battery Management System (BMS)
A BMS is an electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack) by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state, calculating secondary data, reporting that data, controlling its environment, and balancing it.
Energy Density
Energy density refers to the amount of energy a battery can store relative to its weight or volume, typically expressed in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) or watt-hours per liter (Wh/L).
Cycle Life
Cycle life is the number of complete charge and discharge cycles a battery can perform before its capacity falls below a specified percentage of its original capacity, typically 80%.
C-rate
C-rate describes the rate at which a battery is charged or discharged relative to its maximum capacity. For example, a 1C rate means a battery’s full charge or discharge in one hour
Thermal Runaway
Thermal runaway is a condition where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to catastrophic results like battery fires or explosions.
Calendering
Calendering is a process in battery manufacturing where electrode materials are passed between rollers under pressure to increase density and decrease thickness, enhancing the performance and longevity of the battery. Some references use the alternative spelling of calendar or calendaring.
These terms form the foundation of discussions about lithium-ion battery technology and are crucial for understanding the technical details and innovations within the field.
The calendering process in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing is where Kadant’s roll cleaning technology improves production and the end product. The VeriLite™ roll cleaner assembly is a unique, compact, continuous roll cleaner to keep the calender rolls free of contaminates called the. Check out the article, “Kadant Solutions Plays a Critical Role in Lithium-ion Battery Production,” to learn more about our role in lithium-ion battery manufacturing.
